The human brain is the most complex structure known to us in the universe. Due to the formation of an interconnected neuronal system, the human brain has spectacular capabilities. However, the high complexity also has its price: the regenerative capacity of our brain is limited. Many diseases, such as stroke, lead to irreparable damage to the nerve cells and thus to lifelong impairments. One way to compensate for the loss of nerve cells is to supply the brain with “fresh” cells. A special technique makes it possible to turn any cell into a so-called induced pluripotent stem cell in the Petri dish. These all-rounders have the potential to differentiate into all kinds of cells – including nerve cells. They offer enormous potential for “brain regeneration from the Petri dish”.